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was an Indian teacher who lived around the 5th or 4th century BCE, contemporaneous with Mahavira and the Buddha. According to Pakudha, there are seven eternal "elements": Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Joy, Sorrow and Life. Pakudha further asserted that these elements do not ''interact'' with one another. The Samannaphala Sutta (DN 2) represents Pakudha's views as follows: :"'...()here are these seven substances — unmade, irreducible, uncreated, without a creator, barren, stable as a mountain-peak, standing firm like a pillar — that do not alter, do not change, do not interfere with one another, are incapable of causing one another pleasure, pain, or both pleasure and pain. Which seven? The earth-substance, the liquid-substance, the fire-substance, the wind-substance, pleasure, pain, and the soul as the seventh. These are the seven substances — unmade, irreducible, uncreated, without a creator, barren, stable as a mountain-peak, standing firm like a pillar — that do not alter, do not change, do not interfere with one another, and are incapable of causing one another pleasure, pain, or both pleasure and pain. :"'And among them there is no killer nor one who causes killing, no hearer nor one who causes hearing, no cognizer nor one who causes cognition. When one cuts off (person's ) head, there is no one taking anyone's life. It is simply between the seven substances that the sword passes.'"〔(Thanissaro (1997). )〕 In the Brahmajala Sutta (DN 1), theories such as Pakudha's are labeled as "Atomic theory" (Pali/Skt.: ') and "eternalism" (').〔Bhaskar (1972).(Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 700, entry for "Sassata" ) defines ' as: "an eternalist, eternalism."〕 Pakudha Kaccāyana is also known as Empedocles of India. == See also == * Shramana * Samannaphala Sutta * Brahmajala Sutta * Merit (Buddhism) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pakudha Kaccayana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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